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91.
固态电解质在室温下表现出非凡的离子导电性,使其有潜力应用于全固态锂离子电池。开发新的高性能固态电解质需要对锂离子传输机理及其规律进行深入研究。本文论述了近期研究中锂离子传输机理方面的研究进展,包括离子传输理论基础的概述;总结Li10GeP2S12、Li7La3Zr2O12和Li1+xAlxTi2-x(PO4)3固态电解质材料中晶体结构、离子传输和研究进展;阐述锂离子传输中结构特征、传输机理(单离子跳跃传输和多离子协同传输)以及构效关系;总结(反)Meyer-Neldel规则的关键问题和相关电解质材料。最后,展望了给出电解质材料的设计策略和未来机理研究的重点,为无机固态电解质材料的探索提供新的思路和方向。 相似文献
92.
Mechanistic studies promote scientific development from phenomena to theories.Aggregation-induced emission(AIE),as an unusual photophysical phenomenon,builds the bridge between molecular science and aggregate mesoscience.With the twenty-year development of AIE,restriction of intramolecular motion(RIM)has been verified as the working mechanism of AIE effect.In this review,these mechanistic works about RIM are summarized from experimental and theoretical perspectives.Thereinto,the experimental studies are introduced from three parts:external rigidification,structural modification and structural characterization.In the theoretical part,calculations on the low-frequency motion of AIEgens have been performed to prove the RIM mechanism.By virtue of the theoretical calculations,some new mechanisms are proposed to supplement the RIM,such as restriction of access to conical intersection,suppression of Kasha transition,restriction of access to dark state,etc.It is foreseeable that the RIM mechanism will unify the photophysical theories for both molecules and aggregates,and inspire more progress in aggregate science. 相似文献
93.
Anna Kurek-Grecka Katarzyna Komosinska-Vassev Anna Rzepecka-Stojko Pawe Olczyk 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(1)
Bee venom (BV), also known as api-toxin, is widely used in the treatment of different inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or multiple sclerosis. It is also known that BV can improve the wound healing process. BV plays a crucial role in the modulation of the different phases of wound repair. It possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal, antiviral, antimicrobial and analgesic properties, all of which have a positive impact on the wound healing process. The mentioned process consists of four phases, i.e., hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and remodeling. The impaired wound healing process constitutes a significant problem especially in diabetic patients, due to hypoxia state. It had been found that BV accelerated the wound healing in diabetic patients as well as in laboratory animals by impairing the caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 activity. Moreover, the activity of BV in wound healing is associated with regulating the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF-β1), vascular endothelial growth factor and increased collagen type I. BV stimulates the proliferation and migration of human epidermal keratinocytes and fibroblasts. In combination with polyvinyl alcohol and chitosan, BV significantly accelerates the wound healing process, increasing the hydroxyproline and glutathione and lowering the IL-6 level in wound tissues. The effect of BV on the wounds has been proved by numerous studies, which revealed that BV in the wound healing process brings about a curative effect and could be applied as a new potential treatment for wound repair. However, therapy with bee venom may induce allergic reactions, so it is necessary to assess the existence of the patient’s hypersensitivity to apitoxin before treatment. 相似文献
94.
Oroxylum indicum extracts from the seeds collected from Lampang and Pattani provinces in Thailand, and young fruits and flowers exhibited in vitro display antioxidant and antibacterial activities against clinically isolated zoonotic bacteria including Staphylococcus intermedius, Streptococcus suis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, β-hemolytic Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The orange crystals and yellow precipitates were obtained from the preparation processes of the seed extracts. The orange-red crystals from the seeds collected from Lampang province exhibited strong in vitro 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging effects (EC50 value = 25.99 ± 3.30 μg/mL) and antibacterial effects on S. intermedius and β-hemolytic E. coli while the yellow precipitate from the same source exhibited only antioxidant activity. Quantitative analysis of phytochemicals in O. indicum samples by spectrophotometric and HPLC techniques showed that they contained different amounts of total phenolic, total flavonoid and three major flavones; baicalin, baicalein and chrysin contents. Young fruit extract, which contained low amounts of flavone contents, still promoted antibacterial effects against the tested bacteria with IC50 values lower than 1 mg/mL and MIC values between 4 to 10 mg/mL in S. intermedius, S. aureus and S suis while higher IC50 and MIC values against P. aeruginosa and β-hemolytic E. coli were found. From scanning electron microscopy, the extract of the young fruit of O. indicum promoted morphological changes in the bacterial cells by disrupting the bacterial cell walls, inducing leakage of the cellular content, and generating the abnormal accumulation of cells. The mechanism of action of the extract for this antibacterial effect may be the disruption of the cell membrane and abnormal cell aggregations. Regression analysis of the results suggests the correlation between total phenolic and total flavonoid contents and antioxidant and antibacterial effects. Baicalin was found to have a high correlation with an inhibitory effect against β-hemolytic E. coli while three unidentified peaks, which could be flavones, showed high correlations with an inhibitory effect against S. intermedius, S. suis, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. 相似文献
95.
金属锂具有电位低、比容量高等突出优点,是极具吸引力的下一代高能量密度电池的负极材料,然而存在枝晶、死锂、副反应严重、库伦效率低、循环稳定性差等问题,限制了其实际应用。金属锂负极的成核是电化学沉积过程中的重要步骤,锂在集流体或导电载体上的均匀成核和稳定生长对于抑制枝晶死锂、提高充放电效率和循环性能具有关键作用。本文从成核机制与载体效应的角度概述了锂金属负极的研究进展,介绍了锂成核驱动力、异相成核模型、空间电荷模型等内容,分析了锂核尺寸及分布与过电位和电流密度的关系,并通过三维载体分散电流密度、异相晶核/电场诱导成核、晶格匹配等方面的研究实例讨论了载体修饰对锂负极的性能提升。 相似文献
96.
Cr/PNP催化乙烯选择性齐聚反应制短链线性α-烯烃(LAOs)技术是近年来发展极为迅速的研究方向,其中关于反应微观机理的研究对高性能催化剂设计和研发具有重要意义.通过使用量子化学计算与实验相结合的方法,可以获得对催化反应过程更为深刻的认识.我们主要从理论计算研究的角度,总结了铬系催化剂催化乙烯选择性齐聚研究中取得的最新成果.主要内容包括反应过程中催化剂的氧化态[Cr(Ⅰ/Ⅲ) vs Cr(Ⅱ/Ⅳ)],反应路径中单乙烯和双乙烯配位的竞争,配体的空间结构和电子效应,自然键轨道理论(NBO)以及H_2效应对催化体系的影响等. 相似文献
97.
98.
采用“一锅法”制备了四氧化三铁/半胱氨酸(Fe3O4/Cys)磁性纳米微球,随后对Fe3O4/Cys进行亚氨基二乙酸(IDA)修饰得到Fe3O4/Cys/IDA磁性双功能化纳米微球。研究发现Fe3O4/Cys中的L-Cys是通过—SH基团接枝到Fe3O4表面的,随后IDA分子中的羧基与Fe3O4/Cys中的—NH2形成酰胺键,最终形成多支链多羧基的Fe3O4/Cys/IDA磁性纳米修复剂。基于修复剂表面短支链-长支链交替的多羧基结构,实现了羧基基团的高密度接枝。同时,Fe3O4/Cys/IDA磁性纳米微球对Pb2+、Cd2+、Cu2+、Co2+、Ni2+、Zn2+为专性吸附,而对Hg2+属于非专性吸附,且吸附重金属后得到的钝化产物均表现了良好的稳定性。另外,Fe3O4/Cys/IDA对重金属离子的吸附符合Langmuir模型,属于单层均相吸附,其吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,最大吸附量为49.05 mg·g-1。 相似文献
99.
Wenjuan Yang Yating Zhu Junjun Li Zheng Chen Farhat Nosheen Qitao Zhang Zhicheng Zhang 《中国化学快报》2021,32(1):286-290
The conversion of chemical feedstock materials into high value-added products accompanied with dehydrogenation is of great value in the chemical industry.However,the catalytic dehydrogenation reaction is inhibited by a limited number of expensive noble metal catalysts and lacks understanding of dehydrogenation mechanism.Here,we report the use of heterogeneous non-noble metal iron nanoparticles(NPs) incorporated mesoporous nitrogen-doped carbon to investigate the dehydrogenation mechanism based on experiment observation and density functional theory(DFT) method.Fe NPs catalyst displays excellent performance in the dehydrogenation of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline(THQ)with 100% selectivity and 100% conversion for 10-12 h at room temperature.The calculated adsorption energy implies that THQ prefers to adsorb on Fe NPs as compared with absence of Fe NPs.What is more,the energy barrier of transition state is relatively low,illustrating the dehydrogenation is feasible.This work provides an atomic scale mechanism guidance for the catalytic dehydrogenation reaction and points out the direction for the design of new catalysts. 相似文献
100.
This work duly investigates the recovery of Pd (II) chlorocomplexes from industrial wastewater. Chemical structures and thermodynamic stabilities of the complex formed are evaluated via density functional theory (DFT). By applying synergistic solutions of thiourea mixed with hydrochloric acid (HCl), the stripping reaction of Pd (II) in the loaded Aliquat 336 occurs and Pd (II) chlorocomplexes coordinated thiourea ligands are formed, thus 80.19% of Pd (II) chlorocomplexes can be recovered. The aim of this study is to gain a better understanding of the stripping mechanisms and the structure of the complexes formed via the synergistic system. Such an understanding is still limited since little research has been conducted in this field. Owing to their molecular geometry, ligand coordination and donor groups play a vital role in the reactivity of palladium (II) complex. Quantum models have been developed to evaluate the chemical structure and thermodynamics stability of ((NH2)2CS·PdCl2) namely: (i) DFT with B3LYP/6-31g(d,p) and MP2/6-31g(d,p) basis set, (ii) MP2 with cc-pVTZ basis set and (iii) CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ. Results demonstrate that the highest geometric stability exhibited is the structure of Pd-S bonding with 180° Cl-Pd-Cl. The distance (r) and angle (a) of the selected geometrical parameters for (NH2)2CS·PdCl2 complex are reported. Additionally, FTIR and UV–vis spectroscopies have been conducted to analyze the sampling solutions. Further, the calculated vibrational frequencies and experimental spectroscopic results show good agreement with the optimized geometry. 相似文献